Basic Linux Administration Course

S. Sharad

Duration: 2 Days (12-14 Hours)
Target Audience: Beginners, Students, System Administrators, Developers
Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of computers

Module 1 – Introduction to Linux

What is Linux?

  • History of Linux
  • GNU Project
  • Linux Kernel
  • Open Source Software
  • Linux Distributions
  • Why Linux?
  • Linux vs Windows
  • Desktop vs Server Linux

Popular Linux Distributions

  • AlmaLinux
  • Rocky Linux
  • Ubuntu
  • Debian
  • Fedora
  • CentOS Stream

Linux Architecture

  • Kernel
  • Shell
  • Applications
  • File System
  • Users

Module 2 – Installing Linux

Installation Methods

  • Physical Server
  • Virtual Machine
  • Cloud Server

Installing AlmaLinux

  • Download ISO
  • Create Bootable USB
  • Installation Steps
  • Disk Partitioning
  • Root Password
  • User Creation
  • First Login

Virtual Machine Installation

  • Hyper-V
  • VirtualBox
  • VMware Workstation

Post Installation

  • Checking OS Version
  • Hostname
  • Date & Time
  • Keyboard Layout
  • Language
  • Updates

Module 3 – Basic Linux Commands

Terminal Basics

  • Opening Terminal
  • Command Syntax
  • Help Commands
  • man
  • info
  • –help

File System Navigation
pwd ls cd tree

File Operations

touch
cp
mv
rm
mkdir
rmdir
cat
less
more
head
tail
nano
vi

Searching Files

find locate which whereis

Viewing File Content

cat head tail less more

Permissions

chmod chown chgrp umask

Understanding

  • Read
  • Write
  • Execute
  • Numeric Permissions
  • Symbolic Permissions

Links

  • Hard Link
  • Soft Link
ln ln -s

Users

whoami id passwd useradd usermod userdel groupadd groups

Disk Usage

df  du  mount umount lsblk blkid

Processes

ps
top
htop
kill
pkill
jobs

System Information

hostname
hostnamectl
uname
uptime
free
lscpu
lsmem
date
timedatectl

Compression

tar
gzip
gunzip
zip
unzip

Logs

journalctl
dmesg

Module 4 – Software Installation using DNF

Package Management

  • Repository
  • DNF

Commands

dnf search
dnf install
dnf remove
dnf update
dnf upgrade
dnf history
dnf repolist
dnf clean all

Installing Software

dnf install wget
dnf install vim
dnf install git
dnf install tree
dnf install net-tools

Module 5 – Basic Networking

Network Fundamentals

  • IP Address
  • Subnet Mask
  • Gateway
  • DNS
  • Public IP
  • Private IP
  • IPv4 vs IPv6

Network Commands

ip addr
ip route
nmcli
hostnamectl
ping
traceroute
tracepath
nslookup
dig
host
ss
netstat

Module 6 – Installing Web Server

Apache HTTP Server

Installation

dnf install httpd -y
Enable Service
systemctl enable httpd
Start Service
systemctl start httpd
Check Status
systemctl status httpd

Create First Web Site – Html

Course Outcome

By the end of this course, participants will be able to:

  • Understand Linux architecture and distributions.
  • Install AlmaLinux on physical and virtual machines.
  • Use essential Linux commands confidently.
  • Manage files, directories, users, groups, and permissions.
  • Install and maintain software using DNF.
  • Configure basic networking and troubleshoot connectivity.
  • Install, configure, and manage an Apache web server.
  • Host a simple website on a Linux server.

This syllabus is suitable for a beginner-level training program and can be expanded later into intermediate topics such as shell scripting, SSH, cron jobs, LVM, SELinux, Docker, and basic server security.